Tuberculosis Screening: Health Tips, Risks, and New Approaches

About Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs but can also impact bones, kidneys, and the brain. Despite being curable, TB remains one of the leading infectious causes of illness worldwide, particularly in countries like India.

Causes and Symptoms

TB spreads through tiny droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent cough lasting more than two weeks
• Chest pain and difficulty breathing
• Night sweats and fever
• Unexplained weight loss and fatigue

How Tuberculosis Screening Works

Currently used sputum testing remains the standard method for TB diagnosis. This involves collecting sputum samples and testing them using smear microscopy or molecular methods. While effective, sputum testing can be difficult for children or people unable to produce a sample.

Researchers are now studying the use of a simple tongue swab as an alternative. Early studies suggest it may detect TB bacteria more easily and be more comfortable for patients, though further validation is still needed.

Prevention Tips

• Ensure proper ventilation in homes and workplaces.
• Use masks and practice cough hygiene when around others.
• Maintain strong immunity with balanced nutrition and adequate rest.
• Screen close contacts of TB patients to catch infection early.

Fitness and Diet Advice

Good physical health supports TB treatment. Here are some tips:

• Fitness: Light exercises such as walking and yoga help maintain stamina during recovery. Avoid overexertion when fatigued.
• Diet: A protein-rich diet with eggs, pulses, and lean meats supports tissue repair. Add fruits and vegetables for vitamins and minerals. Limit alcohol and processed foods.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Treatments

• Standard TB treatment: Effective and widely available but requires long-term use of multiple antibiotics (usually 6 months or more).
• Advantages: High cure rates when taken as prescribed, reduced spread in communities.
• Disadvantages: Side effects such as nausea or liver stress, and risk of drug resistance if treatment is not completed.
• Screening methods: Sputum tests are accurate but inconvenient for some; tongue swabs may offer a simpler option but are not yet routine.

Patients and Treatment in India

India accounts for the highest number of TB cases globally. Government data shows that TB case notifications have steadily increased, reaching over 26 lakh in 2024, with treatment success rates improving to nearly 88%.

Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only. It provides general information on tuberculosis screening, treatment, and prevention. For personal health concerns, always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

FAQs

Q1: What is the main benefit of tuberculosis screening?

A: Early detection through screening helps start treatment quickly, prevents complications, and reduces the spread of infection.

Q2: Is the simple tongue swab test available now?

A: No, it is still under research. While promising, it has not yet replaced currently used sputum testing in regular TB programs.

Q3: Can exercise help during TB treatment?

A: Yes, light exercise can help maintain strength and mental health, but it should be balanced with adequate rest as advised by your doctor.